Grendel and Frankenstein Essay

Grendel, the main character in the novel Grendel by John Gardner, and the Monster, the main character in the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley are both consumed by the desire to discover the nature and secret of human life. They are both monsters and so both are outsiders in the world of humans, but they try to integrate themselves into the society, only to be shunned universally. Their nature of monstrosity lies at the center of the action since they are being rejected by the society. Their response to this rejection paves the way to the discovery of human nature. Grendel the monster has an ambiguous characterization. Although he displays nothing but the most primitive human qualities with the strong evidence of his irrational outburst of emotions and brutalities, he has an extraordinary inquisitive nature with his capability of temperament and rational thoughts. Shelley’s Monster in the Frankenstein has also a temperament and benevolent nature but as he experienced man’s brutalities and judgmental nature due to his ugly physical appearance, his violent tendencies has been revealed. He starts to take revenge in his creator who is scientifically responsible to his existence and unfortunate fate. Shelley’s monster unlike Grendel is not presented ambiguously since he is only in search of happiness through companionship while Grendel is in search to answer his philosophical question whether human life and created patterns have meaning at all. During his younger years in the initial part of the novel, Grendel spends his life innocently, exploring his confined world in the caves with his mother, untroubled by the outside world of philosophical questions. I understood that the world was nothing: a mechanical chaos of casual, brute enmity on which we stupidly impose our hopes and fears. I understood that, finally and absolutely, I alone exist. All the rest, I saw, is merely what pushes me, or what I push against, blindly—as blindly as all that is not myself pushes back (Howell 67). Grendel in this statement initially sees the world as mindless without any discernible plan and reason. He believes any attempt to make a meaning or pattern in the world is a misguided effort. But one day, the young Grendel finds himself in a lake full of fire snakes, and he swims through it until he reaches the human world and civilization on the other side. Grendel’s inevitable decision to cross the lake is the start of his life towards adulthood. He starts to observe the world of men. Grendel finds the nature and lifestyle of men as pleasurable and enjoyable experience. Shelley’s monster on the other hand reveals his good side in the initial part of his existence but as he discovers the judgmental side of human being, who judges according to physical appearance, he starts to rebel putting all the blame to his creator. Grendel and Shelley’s monster, though both has monstrous nature and though both experience man’s brutality due to the fact that they are monsters, perceive human life differently. Grendel sees the world with fascination while Shelley’s monster perceives the world with contempt. Grendel is fascinated and at the same time envies how has mankind successfully evolved from a nomadic and tribal culture into a culture of obligations as they create government and institutions due to their continuous desire for material prosperity. He admires the intellectual capability of men and marvels at how they create roads, military, and government. Grendel therefore inevitably thinks whether life has meaning or not and whether human actions and efforts are senseless or meaningful. Since he cannot form philosophical ideas that explain his observations of human life, he decides that human efforts and created patterns are wasteful. Moreover, Grendel decides that it does not matter whether he will eat or kill people. But through his observations of Hrothgar of the Dane, the most powerful king of the area who sings about men’s glorious life and history, Grendel starts to perceive that human life is so rich that he wants to be a part of it. Grendel conspicuously wants to be part of human life. He believes that he can understand the nature of human beings more than he understands the monsters in the deep cave. Grendel delights in humans’ sense of community, intellectuality and their illusionary perspective towards life. Grendel sees that he belongs in human community because like him human beings are in continuous search of meaning. Shelley’s monster on the other hand who is product of collaborative scientific work and supernatural workings and who is strongly rejected by the society, approaches his situation with contempt. His monstrosity is not only reflected in his grotesque appearance but also in his dark tendencies to be evil after he is rejected. The dragon in the story, however, tells Grendel that the human world is actually meaningless and empty. The dragon has a logical belief that nothing man creates—religion, government, literature, poetry, philosophy, and so on—will survive the destruction of time and therefore approaches all man’s endeavors as something pointless and ridiculous. In addition, the dragon insists that Grendel can take and eat whatever he wants since morality is pointless anyway. Grendel sees the logic of this belief, but part of him yearns for men’s appealing endeavors and pursuits. Grendel wants to escape his brute and mechanical place in the caves that follow no meaningful and universal pattern. The animals and monsters that surround him in cave are dumb and undignified, and this continually frustrates him. However, the concept of community, civilization, and human language that share a common meaning in the human world somehow comforts Grendel. Grendel wants to be part of the human world even though he will be forever trapped in the role of a villain. Although Grendel knows that the beautiful concepts like religion, philosophy, government, and so on are just human projections to overcome their chaotic world, he still wants to be part of it. Apparently, Grendel is torn between his mother’s very animalistic nature, the generally moral and humane world of the Danes and the seemingly logical beliefs of the old Dragon. Grendel is stranded on what he knows to be true and what he wishes is true. However, these differing and conflicting philosophies leave Grendel confused and angry throughout his violent and isolated life in the novel. Grendel and Shelley’s monster are both lonely in the same manner but in different situation. Grendel has a family in the deep cave but he can not accept their totally animalistic and undignified nature, who solely satisfies themselves in physical survival alone and not in intellectual growth. Apparently, Grendel is ashamed in his lineage. The monster in Shelley’s novel on the other hand is the only one of its kind. He is literally alone. His simple desire is to have a companion, someone who will understand his grotesqueness. But nonetheless they both desire to be part of human life even though humans detest and fear them. Both monsters see themselves in human beings– they have the capacity to be good and to be evil. Moreover, human beings has the possibility to satisfy their desire not to be alone. Unlike Grendel, the character of the monster in the novel Frankenstein is not torn between differing philosophies but instead his actions are motivated by revenge because human beings base their treatment on him according to his physical grotesqueness and ugliness and not on his initial gentle and kind nature. His ugly outward appearance is rewarded by beatings and disgust. As he tries to integrate himself in the society, he is shunned universally. Thus, the monster seeks revenge on Victor for making him so hideous and rendering him permanent loneliness because of his ugliness. However, the monster offers Frankenstein peace in exchange for a companion of like origin, but when Frankenstein does not follow, he vows to destroy him and so begins killing off Frankenstein’s intimate friends and loved ones—the people the monster most envies because he does not have them. When Victor dies due to remorse and disillusionment, the monster feels both joy and sadness—joy because Victor is the very cause of his suffering, and sadness because his creator is the only person with whom he has had any sort of relationship. â€Å"I, the miserable and the abandoned, am an abortion, to be spurned at, and kicked, and trampled on†, this statement from the monster as he sees his creator died reflects his retrospection to his suffering and aloneness (Shelley 268) . He is like an aborted child, left and unloved. The monster is feverishly created or fashioned by Victor Frankenstein who studied natural philosophy and chemistry, immersed himself in research, and became eventually consumed by the desire to discover the secret of human life—out of old body parts. After seeing and realizing the monstrosity he has created, Victor flees as the sight of his creation strongly horrifies him. Victor runs and wanders in the streets with remorse. He immediately perceives his creation as a purely evil being and therefore establishes an unmitigated hatred for it. When Victor returns to his apartment, the monster is gone. Victor is apparently the one responsible in the existence of the monster and the society as the one who provoke the monster’s evil tendencies. In the story of Grendel on the other hand, the shaper and the dragon are the one who provoke Grendel’s philosophical quest towards human life. The dragon, who provides the impression of the world as essentially meaningless and empty, and the shaper, who provides an image of the world as essentially connected and purposeful-an image that Grendel finds incredibly seductive, motivates Grendel’s actions on earth, whether good or bad. Apparently, the novel centrally illustrates the corrupting effects of man’s pursuit of knowledge and modern technology. Frankenstein, the main character of the story, created life from dead parts in his desire to help mankind conquer diseases and death, but when he finally finished the act of creation and saw its implications and ugliness, he turned away from the monstrosity he created. Hence, this novel basically demonstrates the horrifying effects of the careless use of science. In many ways, the book reflects the era when it was written—the period of Industrial Revolution during the 18th century, when major initial and dramatic changes took place in science and technology. While the novel Grendel subtly reflects the world during the period of Romanticism– where people are in the period of intense philosophical quest and when poetic and artful words and stories are powerful. In the story, Grendel finds Shaper’s art, language and imagination so seductive that he wants to be part of it. The stories he hears are tried to be applied—philosophy, government and poetry—and therefore he is affected not only by stories and words he hears, but also by stories that exist outside his own experience. In the novel Frankenstein, Shelley seems to stress the limits of human capacity. She gives the readers an idea about the extent of human ignorance in terms of man’s relationship with his creator. The character of Frankenstein in this novel is dominated by the power of human reason through technology and science instead of faith in God. When one believes in the existence of a Supreme Being, he or she is likely to recognize the limitations of human nature. However, in this novel, Frankenstein attempted to create a human being that is better than the existing creation: â€Å"He wanted to find the secrets of life so that all people could live without fear of death†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Shelley 7). Thus, this story somehow illustrates some of the shortcomings of the contemporary world in the midst of modernity in science. Although Shelley considers the fact that scientific experiments are for the sake of humanity, these experiments have the potential to destroy them as well. Hence, through the novel, Shelley shows that, by being ignorant of the consequences of creating something new and superior, the entire race may be jeopardized and be destroyed by the same creation. Frankenstein’s process of creation contrasts with God’s creative and redemptive process of creation. In the novel Grendel however focuses not so much on physical creation but on the philosophical aspect of human life. It explores the question whether â€Å"created patterns† has meaning at all. Does the meaning comes from the execution and its effects or does it completely lie on how people perceive its meaning? In addition to the novel Frankenstein, the author highlights the incompetence of humans in attempting to play â€Å"God. † Human’s knowledge is sometimes used that will destroy them eventually in the end. For instance, Frankenstein’s arrogance in playing â€Å"God† for his attempt to create life resulted in the death of his friends and family. This caused him to be consumed in grief and guilt as he endured the terrible loss of friends and family who died by his own hands. The story of â€Å"Frankenstein† can be read as a timeless tale of warning. Like Frankenstein, some contemporary scientists make it their goal and purpose to study and understand the unknowable and to improve our standards of living. However, critical foresight and moral considerations are more significant than faith in science. The novel is a perfect illustration of how a scientist should not be. Knowledge affects humanity in a more complex way. Human miseries and life’s complexities can be caused by humans’ obsession in the pursuit and application of knowledge. Shelley in this novel seems to highlight modernity as an apparent political and social attitude during the time of industrialization where science was attempting to unconsciously alter the traditional way of living. Grendel novel however strongly highlights how language and poetic words affects human pattern of thoughts. When Grendel comes to the world, he is torn with opposing ideas whether life is meaningful or senseless. Both the character of Frankenstein and the Monster , considering their actions in the course of the novel, are symbols of darkness, chaos, and death. Though both Grendel and Frankenstein committed numerous acts of violence and cruelty in the stories, the writers manage to elicit sympathy from the readers that leads the readers to consider them as heroes. The writers portray them as both victims who only want and desire companionship and community that human beings experienced. Both writers present their main characters as monsters but with the same need as that of men. Work Cited: Howell, John Michael. Understanding John Gardner. California: Univ of South Carolina Press, 1993 Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft. Frankenstein: Or, The Modern Prometheus. New York: Plain Label Books, 2002

Report to Shareholders Essay

Business Model When Magee Company began in 2011, the company had the goal of producing top of the line sensors to customers who demand the newest technologies. The firm would do this by manufacturing its product lines at or above the expectations of customers, while still trying to maintain a competitive price within in the market. To gain market share, the company planned to heavily promote its products, while increasing the number of distributors and sales personnel to make products more available. Current State Despite its plan’s, Magee Inc. was unstable from the beginning. With the exception of year one, Magee Comapny was never able to generate net profits from operations. This stemmed from several issues in poor management decisions. First, Magee management incorrectly believed that profits from its traditional segment could provide sufficient cash to invest in plant and product improvements for the other lines. It is now clear that Magee should have financed the operations through long-term debt. Magee believes that investments in automation could have increased productivity and therefore increase margins on products, as they were low relative to Magee competitors (see Appendix). Magee Inc. was also unable to gain a significant amount of market share due to poor marketing activities. Initially, the firm priced some products too high, which caused an initial decrease in market share. The lack of marketing management was also a factor in the reduced demand, which left the plant running below capacity. To counter act this, management decided to boost production above normal capacity. Prices were then dropped in an attempt to push product out onto the market, but this action proved futile as only two of its four products had positive margins. Because of these decisions, the firm now sits with nearly $100 million in inventories. To accommodate the inventory production and lack of sales, the firm was forced to take an emergency loan totaling nearly $82 million. Bankruptcy Alternatives Andrews plans to shut down production this current year, and will begin liquidating assets as soon as possible. In its current state, Magee has nearly $100 million in inventories, which will be sold at or slightly above cost, dependant on the length of time it takes to sell the product. The company will then be sold, either in pieces of as a whole to the Ferris company. For most of Ferris’ products, the firm’s capacity is at or near the maximum, and could be willing to purchase the entire Magee facility (See Appendix). The expected value of Magee capacity is approximately $56 million while the firm still maintains $43 million in other fixed assets. Total asking price for the entire firm would be about $105, the premium due to all equipment would be in place, fully operational, with trained staff. Magee also has the option to sell capacity in pieces, which could be sold for $50 – $60 million. The remainder of the plant would also be sold for approximately $40 million, or best offered price. In total, Magee would expect to earn between $190 and $205 after liquidation of all assets, both current and long-term. As Magee total liabilities total $150 million, the sale of all property would relieve the debt owed to creditors. Starting Over Given the opportunity to reenter the industry, there are numerous changes in strategy and operation that Magee management would do. First, the firm would enter the industry as a broad differentiator, maintaining products in all segments. In order to finance all of the operations, Magee would take on a substantial amount of long-term debt and issue stock. With available cash, the firm would invest in automation to reduce variable costs, expand the capabilities of Magee products, and market their capability widely in an effort to gain the greatest market share. Once the firm had established cash flow, Magee would make an attempt to produce new products in segments that it is competitive, but differentiated to acquire the market share of customers that find their needs in between currently available products. Another change necessary to survive in the industry would be to carefully monitor and cap inventory. Considering high end products have high materials and labor expenses, holding inventory not only has a carrying cost, but the opportunity cost of not having that cash available was a major player in Magee failing. Despite the management plans, Magee is currently owes $43 million to its creditors, and maintains about $34 million dollars in inventory in excess inventories.

Dubliners as a Transition from Childhood to Adulthood

â€Å"Dubliners† is a very particular short-story cycle because, unlike most other cycles, the link between its stories is not based on the recurrence of major characters. Instead, Joyce manages to unify the collection by exploring the same themes, such as the desire to escape a routine and the connection between life and death, from different perspectives. Interestingly enough, these perspectives are tainted by the perceptions that different age cohorts have of their surroundings.The text as a whole delves into these issues from, initially, a more naive and childish point of view and progresses towards a more discouraged and somehow renouncing tone. â€Å"The Sisters† is basically the tale of how a young unnamed boy handles and mourns the death of his friend and mentor, Father Flynn. Although the age of this unnamed boy it not specified, the text abounds in evidence that might lead the reader to believe that this boy is only just discovering the twists and turns of lif e. With phrases like â€Å"the word paralysis†¦ it filled me with fear, and yet I longed to be nearer to it and to look upon its deadly work† (p. ), Joyce invites the reader to presume that this boy has never encountered death and is therefore intrigued by it. Then, Old Cotter, a family friend, repeatedly makes reference to how â€Å"there was something uncanny about [Father Flynn]† (p. 1) and that he â€Å"wouldn’t like children of [his] (†¦) to have too much to say to a man like that† (p1). Such evaluations and the fact that the boy has strange dreams about Father Flynn confessing his sins to him, give way to the reader’s suspicions that Father Flynn is actually a malevolent figure who acted as much more than a mentor.The boy’s inability to make sense of the true nature of his relationship with Father Flynn is also a clue to realizing that this boy is so young he has not yet been exposed to the dark, more vicious side of life. Th en, in â€Å"Araby†, another –or maybe the same- unnamed boy describes an intense crush he had on a friend’s sister. To impress her, the boy promises to go to the Araby Bazaar she so longed to go to and bring her a present. The boy meticulously plans his day and even reminds his uncle of his intentions so that the uncle will return home early and provide train fare.However, the uncle’s tardiness and the â€Å"intolerable delay† (p. 3) of the train, resulted in the boy arriving at Araby when â€Å"nearly all the stalls were closed and the greater part of the hall was in darkness† (p. 3). The boy, noticing the â€Å"English accents† (p. 3) of the salesmen, immediately feels disenchanted. Araby was not, after all, the fascinatingly exotic venue he had imagined it to be. By saying that he â€Å"saw [himself] as a creature driven and derided by vanity;† and that his eyes were †burdened with anguish and anger† (p. ), the boy puts into words his feeling of utter disappointment and frustration. This particular remark, which seems somehow inflated, might lead the reader to believe that this is the boy’s first love-related frustration. The whole of â€Å"Araby†, actually, seems to be the story of a boy who, for the first time in his life, tries to do something special for someone special; and his failure to succeed hits him hard. â€Å"Ivy Day in the Committee Room† is a more grown-up story which unfolds around a political conversation several canvassers hold.In this discussion, it is revealed that the campaigners widely disapprove of the candidate they are allegedly supporting. Already, remarks such as â€Å"Tricky Dicky Tierney† (p. 4) and â€Å"how does [Tierney] expect us to work for him if he won’t stump up? † (p. 5), remind the reader that the men who are talking are adults. Typically, one associates conviction, idealism and blind belief with the young, un touched generations. Conversely, one can associate skepticism and even cynicism with adults, who are those who have experienced frustrations and disappointments that have rendered them more pragmatic.Furthermore, in this short story, the politicians discuss the character of Charles Parnell, already deceased. The manner in which Joyce discusses the issue of Parnell’s death is utterly different from how death is presented in â€Å"The Sisters†. Whereas in the first short story what is explored is an individual’s encounter with death, which culminates in a private mourning in the presence of a body; â€Å"Ivy Day in the Committee Room† presents the death of Parnell as a matter of public opinion and it explores its effects on the Irish society as a whole.Therefore, it could be said that, considering this particular corpus of short stories, â€Å"Ivy Day in the Committee Room† marks the beginning of the more mature and public phase to which Harry Levin makes reference. Last but not least, â€Å"The Dead†, set at the annual dance and dinner party hosted by the Morkans, presents an eventful ball in which several interesting characters are introduced. All along the evening, awkward conversations occur and, through them, it is revealed that these characters are frustrated, exhausted and have given up all hopes.As the main character, Gabriel Conroy, enters the scene, he asks the Morkans’ housemaid, Lily, â€Å"I suppose we’ll be going to your wedding one of these fine days with your young man, eh? â€Å" (p. 3) to which she bitterly replies â€Å"the men that is now is only all palaver and what they can get out of you† (p. 3). Later on, the always-drunk Freddy Malins arrives and Aunt Kate asks Gabriel to â€Å"see if he’s all right, and don’t let him up if he’s screwed† (p. 5) to which she sharply adds â€Å"I’m sure he’s screwed. I’m sure he is† (p. ). Afterwards, Gabriel is cross-examined by a fervent supporter of Irish culture, Miss Ivors, as to why he would rather go to Belgium or France instead of visiting his own country. Following an uneasy exchange of ideas, Gabriel finally retorts â€Å"I’m sick of my own country, sick of it! † (p. 9). As the night ends, Gabriel’s wife, Gretta, becomes absorbed and detached. Irritated, Gabriel confronts her about her unbecoming behavior and, when she tells the story of how Michael Furey, â€Å"a boy[ she] used to know† (p. 7), died, he begins to reflect about love and life and death and finally realizes that â€Å"snow was (†¦) falling (†¦) upon all the living and the dead† (p. 30). All of these characters seem to embody the state of mind one can associate with the outcome of a long life of experience. Lily is utterly disappointed and does not believe in selfless love any more. Aunt Kate doubts that Freddy could ever be sober and, instead of hoping for the best, she only wishes to disguise the worst. Gabriel resents the culture of polarization in which he lives and grows tired of people imposing their opinions on each other.Gabriel finally realizes that nothing can be changed and that all are equal in the end. â€Å"The Dead† illustrates the stage of adulthood in which people no longer believe in the possibility of change and openly act as if nothing had to be concealed†¦ as if there was no tomorrow. Gabriel’s final ruminations add to the reader’s feeling that the characters are near the verge of death. To conclude, it could be said that â€Å"Dubliners† is the story of a city, a culture and the way in which those immersed in it grow up.The cycle begins with stories with younger, more naive protagonists; and then moves forward into stories with increasingly aged characters. Furthermore, the stories themselves become more complex, intricate and lengthy. In a way, Joyce manages to tell the story of the average Dubliner as he moves across the different periods of a human life by integrating the stories of different characters. The fact that all the stories could become the story of the standard citizen, adds to the effect that the book is indeed the story of he who lives in Dublin.

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Management Report - Dissertation Example Unlike other resources which an organization deploys people or its staff are live resources that think, have feelings, aspirations, motives and emotions which get nurtured, developed ,frustrated or stunted every now and then. No human would be willing to work with frustrated aspirations or stunted and suppressed feelings. Thus it becomes incumbent on an organization to nurture and develop the feelings, aspirations, emotions of its employees. Recruitment and selection is only the starting point in labeling the potential employee as successful; it is the proper organizational induction process that ensures that the employee catches his breath, looks around the organization, understands its basic and core activities, evaluates the various opportunities and facilities for growth, looks at the responsibilities maps and evaluates the sources available in the organization to carry out the tasks given to him/her in the job card. Thus a proper induction process is the start of the strategic H R function for any organization. A short cut or improper induction process may result in cutting short the employee's overall experience in the organization and may critically affect his overall morale and motivation .A proper induction is also an important step in setting up the employee on a potential path of employee empowerment. A proper orientation can also result in developing leaders among employees. This paper examines the overall strategic HR function in reference to the role of the process of induction and orientation. 9 Building on this focus this paper maintains the following research and Project Learning Objectives 10 Research Objectives 10 The main objectives of the proposed research scheme primarily concerning the impact of induction procedures...A change model built by Ghoshal and Bartlett can be considered for application in the case of MILKO and the suggested induction and onboarding program would set in motion such a change model. This envisages a change from the traditional corporate structure to an organization characterized as an "individualized corporation". This model is built in a manner to provide managers and leaders a perspective from which to deliberate the changes required their organizations. In a traditional corporate structure where compliance, control and contractual employer/employee relationships dominate, the organizations turn bureaucratic and become less hospitable for innovations and quality consciousness. Such organizations present work performance and quality standards which rarely improve from such preset standards. The model radically intends to relocate responsibility and the sense of ow nership to the employee encouraging greater discipline in getting to targets- a process ably supported by requisite systems and visibility of information. In conclusion, this paper took up the study of MILKOS and found through a survey that employee induction efforts had left much to be desired. This paper is an attempt to devise and propose a new induction process that is based upon well-researched theoretical models and concepts that threw out the important dimensions that may be essential to cover in the employee induction program. The paper finally suggests such an ideal induction program and bases it on the realities of MILKOS.

Foundamentional Concepts in Application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Foundamentional Concepts in Application - Essay Example This article has helped me to recognize some of the key barriers to the provision of palliative care services. This study highlights the importance of palliative care nurses in facilitating communication between family members and patients, especially when family members disagree with end-of-life advance care planning. One of the findings of this study which was conducted on a small sample of patients in New Zealand was that, many of the participants were cared for by their spouses who were equally sick. Accessibility to services particularly in the rural setting also was also a challenge. One of the major issues identified in the study was the delay in making the decision to refer patients to palliative care by primary care physicians who felt that, â€Å"they were providing â€Å"good enough† palliative care themselves with the assistance of the district nurses and would refer families to hospice or hospital services when they felt it was appropriate† (McKechnie & Jay e, 2011, p. 413). It was interesting to note that throughout this research, the patients and their families were still identifying issues that need to be addressed despite the belief by their health professionals that they were doing their best. Threaded Discussion: Response to a classmate As required for this assignment, I have selected the article summary written by my classmate _______________(Name of my classmate) who has expressed her interest in the field of nursing informatics. Authors McGonigle and Mastrian remind us that, â€Å"the work of nurses revolves around data, knowledge, information and wisdom and that improvement in technology should ensure that the right care is given at the right time to the right patients at the lowest possible cost† (2009). In light of this profound thought, I appreciate the work of ______ (Name of my classmate) who has summarized an article on nursing informatics titled, ‘Examining the Unintended Consequences of Computerized Provi der Order Entry System Implementation’. After reviewing the summary, I feel that she has done a good job in summarizing the content of the article, highlighting the pros and cons of having a computerized provider order entry system. However, the write-up could have included information about facts that came as a surprise to her/him or reaffirms what she/he already knew or has experienced at the workplace. In light of the fact that President Obama has called for a massive effort to revamp the current health care system by incorporating standardized electronic health records in just about five years and slated more than $19 billion for health information technology, I would recommend my classmate to focus on the area of digital record keeping. The standardized electronic health records should be integrated and interoperable so as to ensure accuracy and quick access. Such a technology would benefit both the health care providers and the patients. Scholarly Databases at my Workpl ace At my workplace, I have access to the Mosby’s Nursing Consult and Lippincott’s Nursing Center. I utilize these scholarly databases frequently since it helps me to be in touch with the latest practices and findings in the field of nursing. Although one has to spend some time searching through these databases if they are looking for something specific, I believe that it is not very difficult to do so. Unlike other web search

KLM airlanes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

KLM airlanes - Research Paper Example is facility (Meet & Seat) allows travelers to choose who should be seated next to them by forwarding a request through company’s the newly implemented reservation system†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. KLM airlines hugely depends upon online social media networks to market its services worldwide†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The company offers numerous free benefits like free airport transfers to its members†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. KLM Royal Dutch Airlines or simply KLM airlines is the flag carrier airline of Netherlands. Although KLM was founded by Albert Plesman on 7th October 1919, the company originally commenced its operations on 17th May 1920 by operating its first flight from London to Amsterdam (‘History’ KLM, para.1). The company is headquartered at Amstelveen. The KLM airlines carry out scheduled passenger and cargo services worldwide to over 90 destinations. The organization possessed workforce strength of 31,787 people as of 31st March 2010. KLM airlines is the world’s oldest airline still using its original name. As specified in Plunkett’s almanac, KLM Cityhopper, Martinair, and Transavia.com are the major subsidiaries of KLM airlines. This paper will discuss the recent marketing activities at KLM airlines in detail. While analyzing the recent marketing activities at KLM airlines, it is clear that the company increasingly focuses on social media marketing, because the management believes that social media marketing is the most cost effective way to promote company services worldwide. In order to take advantages of online social media marketing, recently the company has created three marketing campaigns namely KLM Surprise, Tile & Inspire, and Live Reply. Under the KLM Surprise campaign, the firm tries to reach out to its passengers with intent to reward them for remaining with the company. For this purpose, the company extensively used social media monitoring to identify individuals who mentioned KLM in their check-in. The company located those persons and presented them small

No namecan the writer make a name for me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Marks and Spencer as One of the Biggest Retail Companies - Essay Example In April 2004, the prospect of the company seemed blurred. The brand of the Marks and Spencer got a great push back and lost its confidence due to the consecutive decline in sales and continual negative PR. The company has started to lose public faith and love and the fear has taken over by Philip Green of Arcadia Group was on the threshold. Rejecting the offer of Mr. Green, Mr. Stuart Rose has restructured the company through promoting its brand and has formulated a method of treatment, which worked in a significant way for the M & S to get back its health. (Thompson, Neal, Threadgould and Trillo, June 30, 2006: 3-4) There were different thoughts on the vulnerability of the company. Analysts told that decline of sales of the company in a continuous basis and lack of enthusiasm for change was mainly responsible behind such weakness whereas the journalist reported that the company listed itself in one of the worst performers among the 100 companies. Besides the customers were also not satisfied with the product of the company. The garments of the company were believed to be old-fashioned. People thought the company might have fallen in the vicious circle of loss. Fall in sales of the M & S in one way led to falling in share price and in another way led to negative captions producing the negative impression in the market. These movements caused to loss of confidence over the company by the customers for the purchase and also by the investors to invest. In this situation when Mr. Green came with his proposal to acquire M & S, the senior team of the company including the new Chief Executive of the company, Mr. Stuart Rose and the Executive Director for Marketing, Store design and Development, Mr. Steven Sharp has formed a new plan regarding the business of the company and successfully crush the proposal of Mr. Green.

International Students in America Essay Example for Free

International Students in America Essay Did you know that there were over six hundred and twenty thousand international students in the United States of America’s universities and colleges for the academic year 2007/08? This according to the Open Doors report by the Institute of International Education was a seven percent increase. According to the Mr. Goli Ameri, the Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs, the increase in enrolment was an indication that USA is still the premier destination for foreign students. â€Å"U.S. higher education is unparalleled in its vitality, quality, and diversity. The U.S. government joins the U.S. higher education community in a commitment to welcome international students to the United States† (Gardner and Witherell, par. 1) He stated that he had graduated in the United States as an international student and thus was in a better position to testify that â€Å"America’s universities not only accept and welcome international students warmly, but transform their lives (Gardner and Witherell par. 1). The United States department of state has expanded support to advice on US education by setting up centers around the world in order to help students gain access to American education. The number of the international students in the United States is double that of the United Kingdom (the second host). It was reported in the year 2007 that the international students in USA contributed about thirteen billion US dollars to the its economy through their living expenses and tuition charges (Ford p. 1) This research paper seeks to show the reasons why the United States of America is the most preferred destination for the international students. Statistics of the international students in USA According to the Open Doors 2008 report, India is the leading country that sends students to the United States with the figure increasing to ninety four thousand, five hundred and sixty three. The second sender was listed as China with eighty one thousand, one hundred and twenty one students in US. Those from South Korea took the third spot with sixty nine thousand, one hundred and twenty four students (which was an eleven percent increase). Though it showed a four percent slight drop, Japan was fought with thirty three thousand, nine hundred and seventy four students in US. Canada took the fifth spot with twenty nine thousand and fifty one students. Other countries with students in the United States are as follows: Taiwan 29,001 and Mexico, 14,837 (this was a seven percent increase). Saudi Arabian students in the United Stated increased to nine thousand eight hundred and seventy three, this being attributed to the scholarships that are being offered by their government in a program that was launched in 2005. The greatest increase (45%) was by students from Vietnamese students with eight thousand seven hundred and sixty nine students. Other international students in the United States universities and colleges came from Indonesia, 7692; Nigeria, 6,222 and Kenya with 5,838 students (which was an eight percent drop) (Gardner and Witherell par. 1-10). From the statistics above, it is clear that Asia accounted for the sixty one percent of all international students. Philippines recorded a twelve percent increase; Singapore, seven percent; Mongolia, thirteen percent; Hong Kong, seven percent. However the following Asian nations recorded a decline in the number of students they sent to US: Pakistan, one percent and Bangladesh, four percent. Others with the same trends include Israel, Palestinian Authority, Yemen and Lebanon (Gardner and Witherell par. 1-10). According to the same report, US Universities that had the highest number of international students, University of Southern California lead the pack with seven thousand one hundred and eighty nine of students. Other leading Universities included : New York University, 6404; Columbia University, 6297; University of Illinois, 5933; Purdue University (main campus), 5772; University of Michigan, 5748; University of Texas, 5550; Harvard University, 4948 and Boston University with 4789 international students in US (Gardner and Witherell). Reasons why USA is a preferred destination for International Students One may be keen to ask the question of why the nation has led other nations of the world such as Britain, Germany and France in enrolling international students. The United States has been reported to have a great wealth of initiatives and policies meant to lure international students into its educational system such as policies that include specific visa and work requirements. This is despite the drop in enrolment that was caused by the September 11 terrorist bombings of the United States. This is in contrast to the small number of students that the nation sends to the other nations. According to the statistics, only about forty five thousand American students study abroad, majority of them being in the United Kingdom and Canada (Cremonini et al, par.1). To maintain the lead in maintaining the number of foreign students who study in USA, the government and the higher education office has intensified its promotional efforts. They have done this by opening several centers in different countries that serve different regions of the world and reducing the Visa regulatory rules for the students (Cremonini ET all, par. Cremonini refers to the United States as the academic powerhouse meaning that it is academically attractive. He states that the attraction can be associated with civilization attraction which is a social contract pattern or a flow of people; a situation that explains why researchers and students tend to travel to countries and centers that are recognized and attractive. A zone civilization attraction is sometimes referred to as a zone of prestige. Academic attraction is also related to other concepts used to study higher education mobility. The concepts posit that many of the educational possibilities are in specific places of the world and that become the most popular destinations for international students (Cremonini ET all, par. 6).   Ann White, the director of China-Hong for the Institute of International Education stated that the United States is the preferred destination for the Hong Kong students because they associate US degrees with quality and prestige. She added that students from Hong Kong are drawn to lifelong rewards and values of study in the United States of America (Institute of International Education p.2). The other reason why for those students to prefer the US Universities and colleges is because they are in a better position to access information about higher education that is accurate and comprehensive as compared to other countries. There is an EducationUSA office in Hong Kong providing the needed information in addition to the increased level of activities by Universities and colleges from the USA to attract these students. The IIE often organize the annual US Higher Education Fair in Hong Kong and it was reported that in the year 2008, it attracted twenty five percent more attendees when compared with the previous year (Institute of International Education p. 2). The government has established a website with extensive databases of grants, scholarships and fellowships that are organized by Institute of International Education. The president and Chief Executive officer of IIE stated that the increased number of the international students in the US is as a result of the actions that are taken by the US government plus the Colleges and Universities to make sure that those students understand that they are welcome and that that their contribution to cultural and the environment is highly appreciated (Institute of International Education p. 2). The USA Department of State online newsletter has in it the reasons as to why US education is preferred. One is that U.S. colleges and universities are known to have resources, faculty and facilities of high quality. To maintain the standards on these institutions, accreditation systems are used. Secondly, the education system in US features several types of academic and social environments, institutions, degree programs, entry requirements, and subjects from where students can specialize. Thirdly, degrees in US have a wide range of tuition fees and living costs, in addition to the financial help that some colleges offer, this resulting into affordable education for many students. Finally, the Universities and colleges in the United States are flexible in offering courses that one can even study in one college for two years and then move to another for the next two years (Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs). Several Universities in US have come up with academic and social programs for the international students. The support program may be based on identifying the students at risk, analyzing their languages and cross- cultural needs, research their academic performance, assist in finding accommodation, monitoring their income and providing the exit support so that the students can be prepared to enter global labour markets. This is helpful as USA continues to compete for international students with other nations (Clendenin, par. 2-5). Conclusion From the research, it is clear that the United States of America is the largest destination for the international Students. However, this has not been achieved easily but through policies and activities by the government to attract many students to the nation. However, it is also clear that the nation is facing stiff competition from other nations such as Britain and Germany. With such programs that have been initiated to maintain the number of students, US will continue leading in this area.

Racial Discrimination in the Workplace Essay

Racial Discrimination in the Workplace Essay In the current time, the pay gap between the genders is still significant in most countries, which shows that there is discrimination against women in the workplace, as the graph below illustrates that women were more than twice as likely as men to say they have been victims of discrimination (Wilson, 2006). In the past century many people did not have equal rights to choose their jobs. For example women could not find jobs easily as men, because certain people believed that men were more qualified than women. In the current time, people strongly believe in human rights, but discrimination still exists, and the impacts of discrimination are serious in the workplace and in society. The effects of discrimination in the workplace are shown mainly in two ways. Firstly, discrimination directly deals with the increasing rate of unemployment. Gender discrimination exists in some companies. There are companies that do not employ women, and as a result women have less job opportunities. In addition, age discrimination exists in other companies. Young people may not find jobs after graduation, because some companies think that young peoples lack of experience would not benefit them. Secondly, discrimination results in decline in work efficiency. If a company discriminates against women, consequently this company will lose work balance. Furthermore age discrimination is also harmful to a company. For one, at an older age people have a lot of experience, but young people are full of enthusiasm and ideas, so these two groups are both important for a company. Racism has been identified as the belief that race is the main determinant of human capabilities, that a certain race is better than others, and that individuals should be treated differently according to their racial designation (Racism, 2010). The United States has come a long way in defeating discrimination in the workplace but it still has a long way to go. Although many minorities made great steps during the Affirmative Action years, today there is still a very low percentage of minorities in comparison to whites in corporate America. In addition, the graph below shows the percentage of minorities in the workplace, where they got only 34% of the total employment (Chow, 2010). Racism acts dont affect the racist himself/herself or only the people working with him/her, it involves the customers and the staff also. As seen in the graph below, the effect of racism is not limited to certain kind of people (Jones, 1996). The customers should be served in the best way possible no matter where they are from. Some employees may make the company lose many customers because of their actions. In the workplace there has to be harmony between the employees so the work flows easily and work gets done efficiently. But when there is discrimination between the staff, the environment becomes unhealthy, and consequently such actions would affect the company as a whole. For example, when employees are racist against each other, they wont be helpful to each other, and as a result the work wont be done effectively. Discrimination can be caused by many reasons in the work place, such as religion, hatred, and stereotyping. One of the main reasons of discrimination is religion, which can endanger the workplace. Religion may be a sensitive issue, and it might cause conflicts. Furthermore, in the workplace discrimination could occur just because of hatred. For example, some employees may think that another employee got a raise just because of his race, so they would discriminate and hate him/her. In the current time, most of the companies hire employees from different nationalities, because of globalization. Moreover, some of the employees may be racist to other nationalities and they would not accept having other nationalities working at the same level as they are. Moreover, stereotyping is another reason of discrimination. Someone may have had a bad experience with people from a certain region, and as a result this person may discriminate and stereotype anyone from this area because of the past experience. The consequences for racism in the workplace is massive, it includes lack of work flow, lost customers, and lawsuits. Racism would eliminate the efficiency of the work dynamics, as some employees may not work effectively with others so there will be a lack of the work flow. Furthermore, this might affect the company adversely. Additionally, if the company has racist employees this will affect the way they treat their customers. Consequently, the operation of the company will be affected, as many customers might feel discriminated or not appreciated and may leave the company and start going to other competitors. As well, the company might be at risk of racism lawsuits if it acquires racist employees. As a result, this is going to put the company and the employee at jeopardy. Moreover, if the company gets a reputation of race discrimination it would be harmful for its business. The graph below shows the number of discrimination cases filed by category to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (PERFORMANCE RESULTS, 2008). For a company to survive its business it has to have solutions and preventive measures for racism acts. This could be achieved by awareness by peer review, training, disciplinary acts, and even terminations. Companies that take efforts to attain cultural diversity are open to changes in corporate policies that give incentives for employees who increase productivity in their departments based on cultural diversity. Often, this translates into major changes in corporate policies, such as in engaging in peer reviews over the traditional boss/underling scenario. When managers are reviewed by those underneath them, there is less of a chance that they will engage in racist comments or actions. Plus, the company should give cultural diversity training to their employees so that they will be aware of their actions and words, that they might think its acceptable to say or do but its considered racist. Many times, racism is not a public, overt action. Sometimes, many people who think of themselves as without prejudice may make racist comments without even knowing they made them. They may hear others putting down a fellow worker and take notice but be completely ignorant of their own prejudices and behaviors. Saying something like â€Å"you sure are smart for a black man,† or a woman, or a Latino, is the kind of comment where the person usually has no sense of his or her own racism and many times think they had sincerely given the person a compliment. Furthermore, the graph below demonstrates the rate of discrimination while working in most countries around the world (Nita, 2008). Also, there has to be some kind of disciplinary acts within the company, so employees would be more careful of their actions toward each other, and toward customers. Disciplinary acts is important in such cases as it shows the importance of the issue and that such discriminating actions are not tolerated in the company. Furthermore, termination is considered as the final result of racism acts. For example, an employee is known of discriminating acts and the disciplinary acts have not shown any improvement in his/her actions. Therefore, termination must be considered so that the work environment would not be affected by such employees, and so that this racist employee would act as an example to all the other employees. In conclusion, racist are very successful at keeping their actions private, thats why racism in the workplace still exists. The fact that an employee doesnt publicly say discriminating words at the workplace does not absolutely mean he has had a change of heart. He still may meet outside of work with his/her colleagues, and engage in racist jokes or put-downs. The basic prejudice is still there, and as long as it is, there can be no comfort taken in the fact that actions in the workplace have changed. A racially-biased attitude remains. People cannot feel comfortable on making progress on discrimination in the workplace until this kind of attitude no longer exists (Racism In The Workplace, 2009). Chow, L. (2010, January 14). Mad Men Havent Changed Much Since The 1960s. Retrieved April 03, 2010, from National Public Radio: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=122545036 Jones, J. M. (1996). Prejudice and racism. In J. M. Jones, Prejudice and racism. McGraw-Hill Humanities. Nita. (2008, March 5). Job discrimination at the workplace. Retrieved April 11, 2010, from http://nitawriter.wordpress.com/2008/03/05/job-discrimination-at-the-workplace/ PERFORMANCE RESULTS. (2008, November 26). Retrieved April 10, 2010, from The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission: http://archive.eeoc.gov/abouteeoc/plan/par/2008/performance_results.html Racism. (2010, April). Retrieved April 02, 2010, from wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism Racism In The Workplace. (2009). Retrieved April 11, 2010, from Knowledge Galaxy: http://www.knowledgegalaxy.net/racism_in_the_workplace/racism_in_the_workplace.html Wilson, D. C. (2006). When Equal Opportunity Knocks. GALLUP Management Journal , 1-4.

Social Phobia and Perfectionism: Theories, Types and Models

Social Phobia and Perfectionism: Theories, Types and Models Contents (Jump to) Abstract Chapter 2 – Epidemiology of Generalized and Specific Social Phobia Chapter 3 Etiological Hypotheses and Findings Chapter 4 The Behavioral Models of Social Phobia Abstract Derived from the Greek word for ‘fear’, a phobia represents a ‘fight or flight’ response that is described by the American Psychiatric Association as â€Å"†¦ an uncontrollable, irrational and persistent fear of a specific object †¦ situation †¦activity† (Phobia King, 2006). Social phobia, which is known as ‘phobia des situations socials’, was first termed by Pierre Janet (1903) whereby he described patients that demonstrated and or had a fear of being observed as they were either speaking, writing or performing other functions. Hurka (1993, p. 3) tells us that perfectionism is a â€Å"†¦ moral theory (that) starts from an account of the good life † Hurka (1993, p. 3) goes on to add that the ‘good life’ develops humanity properties to a high degree and or thus realizes what is important as well as central to human nature. The history of perfectionism can be traced back to Aristotle’s conception of eudaimonia, the good life, and his belief that political structures and politics should thus promote this in its individuals (Aristotle and Irwin, translator, 1999, pp. 1-4). Other notable individuals throughout history noted for their devotion to perfectionism in varied forms are Thomas Aquinas, Francis of Assisi, Clement of Alexandria as well as Jesus who stated in his Sermon on the Mount said â€Å"Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect† (MainBelieve.com, 2006). The dictionary defines ‘perfectionism’ as â€Å"a tendency to set rigid high standards of personal performance† (free dictionary.com, 2006). In psychology, perfectionism represents the belief that this is something which should be strived for and in its pathological sense it represents the unhealthy belief anything that is not perfect is unacceptable (coping.org, 2006). It also represents not making mistakes and striving to be the best, as well as the attitude that what one attempts needs to be done perfectly and a habit that is developed in one’s youth keeping one consistently alert to imperfections as well as weaknesses and failings in one’s self as well as others (coping.org., 2006). This paper shall examine these two areas, delving into their individual specificities as well as linkages and commonalities, revealing opposing views concerning the diagnosis and causes of these afflictions and the views which seemingly share many similar aspects. The term, phobia, is generally classified by psychiatrists and psychologists into three basic categories (Bourne, 2005, pp. 33-42) (Kessler et al, 2005, pp. 629-640): Social Phobias Specific Phobias Agoraphobia Isaac Marks (1969, p. 362) advises that the syndromes representing shyness, social anxiety along with social avoidance had been described as early as Hippocrates. Marks (1969, p. 362) reported that individuals with this affliction â€Å"†¦ through bashfulness, suspicion, and timorousness, will not be seen abroad, †¦ he dare not come in company, for fear he should be misused, disgraced, overshoot himself in gestures of speeches †¦ he thinks every man observed him †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Mark’s (1969) views and analysis is amplified by Heimberg et al (1995, p. 96) who state that individuals having this affliction â€Å"†¦ experience excessive fear of being humiliated or judged negatively in social or performance situations.† Juster et al (1996, pp. 403-410) state that perfectionism is linked to social phobia and is also related to anxiety as well as depression. Frost et al (1990, pp. 449-468) ‘Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale assesses perfectionism in terms of it being a phenomenon that consists of three segments: Self oriented, is described as the tendency for a person to seek as well as set high self standards concerning performance, Other oriented, is the tendency for a person to expect others to be perfect in their performance(s), Socially prescribed represents the tendency that a person expects others to think and or believe others expects them to be perfect in their performance. Frost et al (1990, pp. 449-468) define perfectionism as a malady that entails excessive self criticism that is associated with the setting or belief in higher personal standards and the allied concern of meeting expectations on a social level. The preceding also includes the tendency for excessive self criticism that is associated with their higher personal standards as well as their concerns for meeting what is, in their internal view, social expectations, along with the excessive focus concerning organization as well as neatness and doubts with regard to their effectiveness in their actions (Frost et al, 1990, pp. 449-468). The preceding describes the inter relatedness between social phobia and perfectionism that will be explored herein which shall examine each aspect and their links. Perfectionism has roots in aspects of social phobia, as well as the reverse being true. These two afflictions sometimes are present in individuals having social anxiety and are generally conditions that have their roots in early childhood. In examining these two areas, attention shall be paid to their individual diagnosis areas, signs, conditions and foundations, as well as the linkages between the varied forms of social phobia and perfectionism. This examination has been organized to set forth the preceding via segmenting the foregoing into areas that identify and explain the aspects of social phobia as well as perfectionism revealing the foregoing linkages and commonalities. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (2000, pp. 154-156) defines social phobia as a persistent and marked fear of one or more performance and or social situations whereby an individual is exposed to people that are unfamiliar and thus subject to scrutiny by others whereby the person in question thus feels (fears) that they might or will act in such a manner, and or exhibit anxiety, which will either be embarrassing and or humiliating. The preceding concurs with Heimberg et al (1995, p. 96) who stated that individuals having this affliction â€Å"†¦ experience excessive fear of being humiliated or judged negatively in social or performance situations.† Social Anxiety Disorder represents the third highest mental health care problem globally and afflicts an estimated seven percent of the world’s population at any given point in time, with a thirteen percent chance that it will affect any one of us during our lives (Social Phobia / Social Anxiety A ssociation, 2005). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Social Anxiety Institute, 2006) defines social phobia as: A persistent fear of either one or more performance and or social situations whereby an individual is exposed to potential scrutiny by unfamiliar people and that they, the person in question, will act in a manner, and or show anxiety symptoms, which will be either humiliating and or embarrassing. That the exposure to the situation in almost all situations results in anxiety that can and usually does take the form of what is termed as being based upon situations and thus pre-disposed or bound Panic Attack. The individual experiencing the symptoms of social anxiety recognizes that they have a fear that is excessive and or unreasonable. The feared situations are thus avoided by this type of individual or are endured under intense distress and anxiety. The individual’s avoidance, distress and or anticipation of the feared situation thus significantly interferes with this person’s normal routine, functioning and an occupational and or academic manner, their social activities /relationships, and or they experience a marked distress concerning having the phobia. In those persons 18 years of age or less the general period of the duration of such an experience is generally six months. That the fear and or avoidance of the aforementioned is not due to the direct physiological effects of either drugs or medications, and or a general medical condition which could be accounted for by virtue of another mental disorder. The preceding diagnostic criteria provide a guideline, however they do not substitute an analysis and or visit to a mental health practitioner (Ohio State University, 2005). Examples of diagnostic criteria historical facets are described as (The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (2000) : patients having a hypersensivity to criticism, along with a difficulty in being assertive, and or low self esteem as well as potentially inadequate social skills. They avoid speaking in front of groups of people, with the preceding potentially leading to difficulties in either work or education. In order to reach a diagnosis concerning social phobia in children the situation calls for observing their interactions with peers as opposed to observing them with adults, which represents a different context. In reaching and or considering a diagnosis, clinicians should seek to consider what is termed the co-morbid diagnosis represented by avoidant personality disorder when an individual exhibits generalized social phobia. It has been determined that a high percentage of individuals with social phobia have or have developed alcohol and or sedative abuse that aids them in tolerating social situations, however the preceding is not universally true. Symptoms and characteristics of social phobia consist of one, some or all of the following (Helpguide.org, 2006): Avoidance, Whereby an individual will go to great lengths to avoid the prospect of socializing based upon the fear that they will by either perceived in an adverse manner or be humiliated. If left untreated this condition can accelerate or develop into the condition known as agoraphobia. Low Self Esteem, Represents a condition which most individuals who are afflicted with social phobia experience and it is marked by the fact that the longer one remains in this condition the more it affects one’s sense of self worth. Depression, A common outgrowth of having a social anxiety disorder is that the feelings of extreme anxiety as well as the sense of the lack of control over one’s life can very well lead to depression. Alcohol and or Drug Abuse, It has been estimated that one fourth of the individuals with this condition abuse either alcohol and or drugs usually starting to alleviate the pain and then accelerating into wholesale abuse. Academic and Occupational Difficulties, The condition has been known to interfere with one’s ability to function at work as well as academically and can as well as has presented obstacles in these regards. Interpersonal Difficulties, Statistics and studies have determined that as a result of this condition, individuals are prone to be less likely to marry and also have fewer friends as well as social support. The symptoms represented by social phobia defer in respect to children and adults as generally represented by the fact that in the earlier stages children tend to fail to achieve their levels, and adults show declines from prior functioning levels (Biederman et al, 2001, pp. 49-57) (Stein, 2001, pp. 28-39). The symptoms as manifested by children frequently are observed as temper tantrums, clinging to parents, crying and interactive aspects such as the refusal to talk to others (Biederman et al, 2001, pp. 49-57). In adults, the symptoms include a number of physical anxiety signs along with behavior and attitude manifestations (Bruce and Saeed, 1999, pp. 2311-2322): blushing, nausea, dry mouth, sweating, tremors and other similar types of anxiety indicators, difficulty as represented with self assertion, an extreme sensitivity concerning criticism, negative evaluations and or rejection, an intense preoccupation and concern regarding the responses as well as reactions of other individuals, increased fears regarding the prospect of being either humiliated and or embarrassed, and the avoidance of situations that cause or create fear and or anxiety Olfson et al (2001, pp. 521-527) advise that the diagnosis of social phobia is generally based upon the history of the patient, along with reported symptoms. In keeping with an accurate diagnosis the physician may also utilize what is termed a diagnostic questionnaire which aids in ruling our other possible phobias, anxiety orders as well as major depression (Olfson et al, 2001, pp. 521-527). Screening and testing procedures for adults suspected of suffering from social phobia represents a problematic assessment as some general screeners, for example the Structured Clinical Interview does not include questions that are related to social phobia and such a test can take upwards of twenty-five minutes (Bruce and Saeed, 1999, pp. 2311-2322). In addition to the foregoing there are instruments such as the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale as well as the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale which are long and in general are useful more in the measurement of therapy progress (Bruce and Saeed, 1999, pp. 2311-2322). Interestingly, physicians have found that the utilization of a selected group of questions added to a general screening questionnaire has proved helpful in their detection of this condition; examples of the preceding are as follows (Olfson et al, 2001, pp. 521-527): Are feeling embarrassed or feeling as if you look stupid among your worst fears? Does the fear of embarrassment cause you to avoid doing certain things and or speaking to people? Do you avoid situations where you could be or are the center of attention? The diagnosis of children takes into account additional factors as a result of their age. Such includes the fact that they do not have the options of avoiding most situations which frighten them (Bogels and Zigterman, 2000). The preceding provides an explanation as to why children are less likely to be able to provide why they are thus anxious. Bogels and Zigterman (2000) advise that thus it is important for physicians to therefore evaluate their capacity concerning social relationships with individuals the child knows, as well as assess their interactions with those in their peer group for signs of social phobia indications in addition to their behavior with and around adults. Examples of the procedural aspects for the preceding entail the utilization of what are termed the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Children, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents and Children, the parent completed Child Behavior Checklist and the Teacher’s Report Form (Bogels and Z igterman, 2000). Social phobia differs from shyness in that the former condition causes individuals to avoid the anxiety producing situations by all means, whereas shyness can be attributed to a number of broad classifications as it represents different things to differing individuals. Crozier (1990, p. 2) states that â€Å"†¦ shyness is not a precise term. It refers to feeling awkward or uncertain in social situations.† Crozier (1990, p. 2) continues that shyness is associated with being and or feeling self conscious, the â€Å"†¦ excessive monitoring of one’s behaviors and over rehearsal of potential utterances† â€Å"The shy person feels anxious and often †¦ appears anxious to others† (Crozier, 1990, p. 2). Berent and Lemley (1994, p. 9) state that the word itself is â€Å"†¦ too general to be of much help in identifying a problem and solving it† and that shyness has varied degrees of complexity and intensity from extremely mild and applicable in a few situations, to more perverse whereby it can thus be termed as a social phobia. Berent and Lemley (1994, p. 10-11) advise us that shyness and social anxiety are closely related and in both instances as they represent a â€Å"†¦ learned response to social interaction†. They go on to explain that shy and or socially anxious individuals â€Å"†¦ may hesitate to pursue the things he or she is interested in, or even begin to avoid situations that cause nervousness or anxiety†. Thus, the spectrum entailing shyness ranges from relatively few instances to actual social phobia. Shyness is not necessarily a criterion for social phobia in that individuals having a social anxiety disorder can be comfortable with certain types and or many differing people; however, they feel intense regarding certain specific situations (CNN.com, 2006). Social anxiety disorder is termed as a social phobia, and or as a psychiatric anxiety disorder which entails overwhelming anxiety as well as excessive self consciousness concerning everyday situations (Crozier and Lynn, 2001, pp. 18-24). Individuals with this affliction often exhibit an intense, chronic as well as persistent fear that they are being watched along with being judged by others, thinking that they might be either humiliated and or embarrassed as a result of their own actions (Crozier and Lynn, 2001, pp. 18-24). The distinction between generalized and specific social anxiety is indicated as those having the generalized type have significant distress with most, if not all social type situations, whereas specific, as the word implies, refers to such situations with specific connotations. Examples of the preceding are evidenced by glossophobia, which is the fear of speaking or performing in public, scriptophobia, which is the fear of writing in public, or paruresis, the fear of utilizing public restrooms (Bruch, 1989, pp. 37-47). Sometimes referred to as anxious personality disorder, avoidant personality disorder is recognizable as a result of a pattern of social inhibition that is pervasive (Mental Health Matters.com, (2006). The foregoing description includes feelings of inadequacy as well as an extreme sensitivity regarding negative evaluation, and people with this affliction very often consider that they are socially inept and or unappealing on a personal level, thus they avoid situations entailing social interaction due to a fear of either being humiliated and or ridiculed. In general, avoidant personality disorder is usually first noticed in one’s early childhood and is usually associated with either a real or perceived rejection by one’s parents and or peers in that period (Dayhoff, 2000. pp. 29-38). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (2000) is widely utilized in diagnosing avoidant personality disorder and is identifiable by four or more of the following (Rettew, 2 006): Avoidance of occupational activities which involve degrees of significant interpersonal contact as a result of fears regarding criticism, rejection and or disapproval. Being unwilling to get or be involved with someone unless being certain that one will be liked. Through showing restraint in intimate relationships as a result of fearing shame or ridicule. Being preoccupied in social situations with being criticized and or rejected. By being inhibited in new situations entailing interpersonal relationships due to feelings of being inadequate. Viewing one’s self as inept socially, being unappealing and or inferior to other people. Being reluctant to take on personal risks and or to engage in new activities as such could or might thus prove embarrassing. Comorbidity is defined by the American Heritage Dictionary (2006) as â€Å"A concomitant but unrelated pathological or disease process† with in the context of social phobia means the presence of either one or more such disorders as well as the primary disorder. Schuckit et al (1990, pp. 34-41) state that it represents the disorder that occurred first or the one representing the symptoms that are most dominant, which Klerman (1990, pp. 13-17) refers to as the primary disorder. The critical issues in dealing with comorbidity represents the proper and correct analysis of the varied disorders and understanding which one is the prevalent or primary one as well as the order, and impact of the associated disorders in which there are combination and their influences on the patient. Biederman et al (1991, pp. 565-577) indicates that there are several hypotheses which may be utilized to account for the true patterns of comorbidity and critical issues: that comorbid disorders are not distinct entities, they represent expressions termed phenotypic variability in the same disorder, that each comorbid disorder is a distinct as well as separate entity, that these disorders share vulnerabilities that are common, represented by genetic and or psychosocial, that these disorders have a distinct subtype, or genetic variant, and a heterogeneous disorder, that one syndrome represents what is termed an early manifestation, and that the development as represented by one syndrome can increase the risk of comorbid disorder. Caron and Rutter (1991, pp. 1063-1080) advise that the failure in understanding and attending to comorbidity patterns can thus cause researchers and physicians to come to misleading conclusions thereby creating negative intervention results. Achenbach (1990. pp. 271-278) warns us that the appearance of comorbidity might develop as a result of varied conceptual and or diagnostic models which can result in boundaries between disorders that are inappropriate and can potentially lead to the tendency for comparison of one diagnosis against normal individuals as opposed to other diagnosis. He warns that there is a need for well defined diagnosis in the instance of this occurrence, comorbidity (Achenbach, 1990. pp. 271-278). Chapter 2 – Epidemiology of Generalized and Specific Social Phobia Termed the study of the scientific factors which affect the illness and health of populations, epidemiology serves as the logic and foundational basis for interventions that are made in the interests serving public health, along with preventive medicine (Rothman and Greenland, 1998, p. 29). The field is regarded as a cornerstone in the methodology of health research for the public sector and has the reputation of being highly regarded in the field of what is termed evidenced based medicine for the identification of disease risk factors and the determination of optimal treatment in the approaches representing clinical practice (Rothman and Greenland, 1998, p. 29). Morabia (2006, p. 3) explains that epidemiology, in terms of the public, represents a medical discipline dealing with the â€Å"†¦ large scale outbreaks of infectious diseases†. Chronicled in â€Å"Epidemiologia Espanola† spanning a period of thirteen centuries, Villalba, a Spanish physician, complied a li sting of epidemics as well as outbreaks which helped to define the term (Morabia, 2006, p. 3). Even though the practice extends back to the 16th century, as a scientific discipline it is relatively recent. The mission of epidemiology has â€Å"†¦ historically been to identify determinants of human diseases †¦ mostly at the population level† (Morabia, 2006, p. 3), and this holds true today. Epidemiology is prevalent in today’s communities under the term ‘Community-oriented primary care’, or COPC) and represents a systematic health care approach that is based upon principles of epidemiology (Rhyne et al, 1998). Usage has demonstrated that COPC, representing primary care, health promotion and preventive medicine has positive community benefits on a global basis (Rhyne et al, 1998). The methodology, ‘Community-oriented primary care’, entails the process of seeking to improve the health of a community utilizing the aforementioned principles, public health, primary care and epidemiology, which traditionally has been used to describe the health care system whereby a community and or targeted population is thus the focus (Wright, 1993). The American Public Health Association description of Community-oriented primary care states that it represents a â€Å"†¦ systematic process †¦ identifying and addressing †¦ health problems of a defined population† and that it thus can be implemented via the resources which are already available within most communities (Rhyne et al, 1998). It, COPC, represents a team comprised of health professionals, along with community members, who work in partnership over a long duration in treating and diagnosing patients in a community in a similar manner as does a primary care doctor, and while primary care physicians are not needed for or in every project, they nevertheless need to be involved in the process (Rhyne et al, 1998). The availability of epidemiologic studies from Europe, Asia and the United States over the past twenty years has permitted a clearer and sharper picture of social phobia with respect to its incidence, severity, prevalence and other correlations (Zucchi et al, 2000, pp. 17-24). The preceding historical base of epidemiologic information helps to provide a comprehensive reference point concerning the age of onset and incidence of social phobia from a broad population cross section. Studies conducted indicate that social phobia is the most prevalent of anxiety disorder (Carta et al, 2004), as shown by the following: Table 1- Lifetime Prevalence of Social Phobia in the General Populations of Europe and the United States (Carta et al, 2004) The preceding show the lifetime prevalence of Social Phobia of 2.2% across the board, representing 1.5% for males and 2.8% for females. Table 2 – Lifetime Prevalence of Social Phobia According to Age and Sex (Carta et al, 2004) The preceding Table represents studies conducted in Europe and the United States for the countries indicated with OR representing the degree of associated disorders that were observed regarding frequency in the populations that were not affected by social phobia. Table 3 – Lifetime Comorbidity of Social Phobia (Carta et al, 2004) * Where p is less than 0.001 The preceding Table represents the rate of comorbidity concerning major psychiatric disorders which were observed in the overall general populations of Europe and the United States, along with the degree of associated disorders (OR) in the reported populations which were not affected by social phobia. The mean age representing the onset of comorbid DE represented 6.5 plus or minus 6.6 years, whereas GAD represented a mean of 4.3 plus or minus 7.8 years later (Carta et al, 2004). In a study conducted by the Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, they found six regions in the human genome that very well could play a role with regard to the susceptibility of obsessive compulsive disorder (Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, 2006). The study added to the growing evidence of a genetic basis for obsessive compulsive disorder and thus its inheritability through the finding of genetic markers, or what are termed similarities, in the genomes of individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder as represented by six significance regions within the genome that are on five differing chromosomes which appeared to be linked to obsessive compulsive disorder (Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, 2006). Dorak (2006) advises us that genetic epidemiology is related to and overlaps molecular epidemiology and that the epidemiological evaluation aims to seek the detection of the inheritance pattern regarding a disease, localize it and find the marker that is associated with its susceptibility. D orak (2006) states that the steps in genetic epidemiologic research are: the establishment of the fact that there is a genetic component concerning the diso

philisophical paper -- essays research papers

As Christians today we are faced with many ethical issues living in our society. Every time we turn on the TV to watch the news, pick up a newspaper and read the headlines, or read a magazine about world issues we can see situations happening in this world that challenge our morals and ethics. It is our duty as Christians to know what we believe and where we stand so we can back up our beliefs and try to interact with this world as morally correct as possible. There are some situations that we have no control over that appear ethically wrong to us and there is not much we can do if anything at all. At the same time there are things that we can do to try and reach people in some situations. It is our job to know the difference and stand up where we can but not force our own morals and ethical principles on everyone we come in contact with.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One issue that is very prevalent in the world today and all through out the history or the earth is the issue or war and combatancy. Now as Christians we know the bible says, â€Å"Thou shall not kill,† but is this issue really that simple? If we just took that stance and said that as Christians we shouldn’t go to war then our country and the world we live in would suffer. Let me get something straight right now before I go into this topic, I do not like war; I think it is an ugly thing, and I wish there would not be any more wars on this earth for the rest of its existence. But the fact of the matter is that there is war, there always was war and there will always be war until the second coming of Jesus Christ. War has become a way of life, it was not God’s original plan, but because of the entrance of sin into our universe, war was created. The first war we know of was a war in heaven between Satan and his angles and Jesus and His angels. Al l throughout the old testament we see the Israelites, God’s people, lead by God, going to war to obtain the land that God had promised to them. War is real and has become a necessity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Just because war is here does not mean that it is an ok thing to do. War came about as a result of sin; with the beginning of sin there was the beginning of war. War has become a necessary means to get by in a sinful world. To protect the peace and the free way of living that we enjoy here in America, sometimes, we must go to war. As members of socie... ...o many people told them when they were growing up that they shouldn’t do it. You see, it’s not so much that they like it but they were just told not to do these things, so they did them. We have to inform people and let them make their own decisions; we cannot just force our opinions on them, and that never works. This is the same for all of our views as Christians. It does not just stop with health but it extends into our entire way of life. We must live our lives as examples for all to see.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As you see in all these issues we, as Christians, must take stands on what we believe is right, but we should not force our opinions and beliefs on others. This is what everything boils down to. God gave us the gift of choice, and this is something he gave everyone. As Christians we are called to try to lead people to God and his work not to force them. If they want to come to him that is a personal decision, all we can do is help them along, not push them. The best way to help someone is to show him or her by example. If we set good examples for other people in all the ways mentioned in this paper then we can begin to reach other people and help them to change.

Movie: Whats Eating Gilbert Grape Essay -- essays research papers

Movie: What's Eating Gilbert Grape "What's Eating Gilbert Grape", as directed by Lasse Hallstrom, is a comedy, drama, romance, all wrapped up into one grand movie. Leonardo DiCaprio plays a mentally impaired boy with a caring brother, who always took care of his brother until the love of his life came to town, proposing the essential question: What is a boy willing to sacrifice in order to be with the one he loves? Johnny Deep plays Gilbert Grape whose father left when he was little, causing his mother to become depressed and never leave the house again. Gilbert referees to her as a â€Å"beached whale† because she has gained so much weight. One afternoon a silver camper had engine trouble, forcing them to stay in town for a few weeks until it is fixed...

Assignment-I International Business

ALLIANCE BUSINESS SCHOOL SUBJECT- GLOBAL DIMENSIONS OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ASSIGNMENT NO. -1 DATE: 02/03/11 SUBMITTED TO: Prof. M V NARASIMHAN SUBMITTED BY: Akshay Shah Answer: 1 IMPACT OF POLITICAL TURMOIL IN EGYPT ON GLOBAL BUSINESS: Political turbulence in Egypt in casting a poll on world financial markets driving up the prices of crude oil & food and creating new risks for the shaky world economy in the months ahead. Following are the impacts of political turmoil in Egypt on global business: †¢Oil prices reached last week their highest 110 dollar per barrel of raw oil since 2008 & investors sold off both stocks and bonds of many developing nations, particularly in the middle east. †¢ The turbulence on financial markets shows how political upheaval in one place- first Tunisia, now Egypt- can set off hard to predict reverberations around the world, possibly undermining the global economic recovery. †¢ Investors are most concerned that other Muslim nations, particu larly those of autocratic leadership & vast oil reserves, will soon see their ruling regimes threatened as well. International organizations also trying to monitor more urgent concerns, what’s going on in Egypt has again reminded world that the world economy is not out of the woods & that things we do not anticipate can have a significant negative effect on global markets & risk sentiment. †¢ Because of political & business instability in Egypt- lead with the problems with foreign receipts & currency. †¢ Economist & Investors all around the world have fear that political developments could disrupt oil exports from Saudi Arabia or other oil reserved nations. †¢The greatest threat for global economy- absent a spread of popular revolt to other nations in the middle east or beyond – is the disruption of shopping through the Suez Canal. †¢ In forthcoming days, it will be challenge for government to keep the political stability in Egypt, for smooth busine ss functioning throughout the world & controlling oil prices which are on their peak. Answer 2: IMPORTANCE OF PROPERTY RIGHTS IN GLOBAL BUSINESS ECONOMY: In a legal sense, term property refers to a resource over which an individual or business holds a legal title; that is a resource that it owns.Resource include land, building, equipment, capital, minerals rights, business and intellectual property. Property Rights refer to the bundle of legal rights over the use to which a resource is put and over the use made of any income that may be derived from that resource. Property Rights are important in the global business economy because:†¢ The philosophy behind protecting property rights in the global business economy, as it is reward to the originator of a new invention, books, musical record, clothes design, restaurant chain and the like; for his or her idea & effort.Such property rights are very important stimulus to innovation and creative work. They provide An incentive for peo ple to search for novel ways of doing things and they reward creativity. e. g. – Consider an innovation in automobile industry; say a use of non conventional fuel to be used in all kinds of vehicles with maximum efficiency and low cost of fuel. This gives automobile firms an incentive to undertake the expensive, difficult and time consuming basic research required to generate new fuel. (It can cost $800 million in R & D and take 10 years to set a new fuel in the market) Also economic evidences suggests that high levels of corruption i. e. theft of property rights significantly reduce the foreign direct investment, level of international trade, & economic growth rate in a country. By siphoning off profits corrupts politicians & bureaucrats reduce the returns to business investment and hence reduce the incentive of both domestic and foreign businesses to invest in that country. Because of all the above reasons explained it is important to protect property rights to benefit inno vator, consumers and to promote healthy competition.The protection of intellectual property rights differ greatly from country to country. While Many countries have straight intellectual property regulations on their books. Now, 188 countries are members of the â€Å"World Intellectual Property Organization†, all of whom have signed international treaties designed to protect intellectual property. Answer: 3 CULTURE AT WORK PLACE BY GEERT HOEFSTEDE: Of considerable importance for an international business with operations in different countries is a how a society’s culture affects the values found in the workplace.Probably the most famous study of how culture relates to values in the workplace was undertaken by ‘Geert Hoefstede’. As a part of his ob as a psychologist working for IBM, Hoefstede collected data on employee attitudes and values for more than 1,00,000 individuals from 1967 to 1973. This data enabled him to compare dimensions of culture across 40 countries Hoefstede isolated into 4 dimensions:†¢ Hoefstede’s ‘Power Distance’ dimension focussed on how a society deals with the fact That people are unequal in physical & intellectual capabilities.According to Hoefstede, high power distance cultures were found in countries that let inequalities grow over time into inequalities of power & wealth. †¢ The ‘Individualism versus Collectivism’ dimension focussed on the relationship between The individual and his or her fellows. Individualistic societies, the ties between individuals were loose and individual achievement and freedom were highly valued. In societies where collectivism was emphasized; the ties between individuals were tight. †¢Hoefstede’s ‘Uncertainty Avoidance Dimension’ measured the extent to which different cultures socialized their members into accepting ambiguous situations & forecasting uncertainty. Members of high uncertainty avoidance cultures plac ed a premium on job security, career patterns, retirement benefits and so on. Lower uncertainty avoidance cultures were characterized by a greater readiness to take risks & less emotional resistance to change. †¢ Hoefstede’s ‘Masculinity versus Feminity’ dimensions looked at the relationship between gender & work roles.In masculine cultures, sex roles were sharply differentiated and traditional â€Å"Masculine Values†, such as achievement & effective exercise of power, determined culture ideals. In Feminine cultures sex roles are sharply distinguished, the little differentiation was made between men & women in the same job. Hoefstede created on index score for each of these 4 dimensions that ranged from 0 to 100 And scored high individualism, high power distance, high uncertainty avoidance, & high Masculinity. He averaged the score for all employees from a given country: . g. : Power distance 1) Britain 2) Canada 3) US 4) India 5) Indonesia 6) Mexico 35 39 40 77 78 81 Uncertainty 35 48 46 40 48 82 Individualism Masculinity 89 80 91 48 14 30 From the above table it shows, western nations such as US, Canada, Britain scores High on the individualism scale & low on the power distance scale. At the other extreme are a group of Latin America (Mexico) and Asia (India, Indonesia) that emphasize collectivism over individualism and score high on their power distance scale. 66 52 62 56 46 69